Being present in international markets is considered as a strstegic decision. So, every company before expanding its operations across its home borders, must develop a clear understanding about international marketing environment. To meet this need and expanding exporting companies operations, Export Management Companies (EMCs) can provide very useful services. In order to establish and further development of EMCs, this paper conducted two distinct surveys, asking marketing services’ executive managers and customers to realize necessary supported approaches which should be provided by public sector institutes and governmental bodies. Based on prior studies, investigations and experts’ opinions, this paper presented four subsystems to support marketing services agencies including law-making systems, support systems, informing systems and “ Monitoring-Assessment” systems. Additionally, these supporting systems were ranked.

During the currency crises of the 2010s (Jalali 1390s), one of the government’ s effort to reduce the escalating rate of exchange rate was to set a fixed price for the currency. To this end, the government had to make supportive decisions on this rate such as export bans and commanding sale of commodities in the stock exchange. Reviewing the legal and jurisprudential bases of such decisions requires that the government civil liability against the exporting companies shall be considered both in “ faults due to approval of regulations against rules” and “ civil liability-regardless of fault-due to the principle of equity and legitimate expectations rooted in economic security” . The present research is a library research, which analyzes the above case based on a descriptive-analytical method. It is concluded that firstly Imamieh Jurisprudence has refrained from defining the commanding price in economic tough situations such as shortage of commodities due to the hoarding by the Islamic government in spite of preventing the owners of the same. Secondly, from the legal point of view, preventing exportation of commodities is against Article 23 of the perpetual orders of the State Development Plan ratified in 1395 (2016) as well as Article 18 of the Law on Developing the New Instruments and Financial Institutions in line with Facilitating Implementation of General Policies of Principle 44 of the Constitution. The said principle makes the government bound to exclude the commodities registered in the stock exchange from the pricing system.

The purpose of this study is to determine the export skills of export manufacturing companies in different stages of internationalization. This paper extracts the export skills from literature and classified them into 6 groups: International finance and risk management skills, International marketing skills, International Strategic management skills, International trade logistics skills, International trade research skills, and International trade regulations skills. Then the importance of each of these export skills are compared in the five stages of internationalization of companies. The export manufacturing companies in the north and northwest of the Iran were selected as the statistical community and 214 companies have participated as the statistical samples to achieve the goals of this paper. Samples were selected using simple random sampling and the research hypotheses were tested through Analysis of Variance. The results showed that the importance of all export skills except international trade logistics skills is different in the five stages of internationalization.

Objective identify and level indicators affecting the export behavior of tea exporting companies using the structural-interpretive modeling method.Method: This is a descriptive applied research. The statistical population is the tea exporting companies in Gilan province, and because of the small number of these companies, the census method was used. The respondents to the questionnaire were the senior managers of the companies, 57 people were selected. The data collection tool is a questionnaire, the criteria studied in the questionnaire were identified through background mining and theoretical framework study. 33 indicators were initially selected and by designing the initial questionnaire through these indicators, 16 indicators were finally approved. In the second questionnaire, which was designed for the interpretive structural modeling technique, 16 final indicators were used for stratification.Findings: Sixteen final criteria were leveled using this method in seven sections. According to the final analysis, twelve indicators were selected as dual variables, that is, they have high influencing power. Two indicators were selected as influential variables and two indicators were selected as influential variables.Conclusion: Out of sixteen effective indicators, the index of attractiveness of foreign markets and the strategy of the company were identified as the most important factors. In the following, according to the obtained results, suggestions were presented to improve the behavior of tea exporters in Gilan province, the most important of which, according to the presented levels, include determining the export map, marketing according to the market of the target countries, and the use of e-commerce.

Background: In the area of exporting, in developing countries, including Iran, the concept of export readiness is unknown to many decision makers and field of activity of Iranian pharmaceutical companies have been limited to the domestic market. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to compare the export performance of ten Iranian pharmaceutical companies with their export readiness.Methods: In order to do this, the top ten of Iranian pharmaceutical companies were selected as the sample. The companies' export readiness was measured, and compared with their export volume as well as their export growth (as two factors for determining the export performance) in five years, to practically check the model and find the strengths and weaknesses of these Iranian pharmaceutical companies in the export factors.Results: Base on the results of the study, the export readiness of these companies does not have significant correlation with companies' export volume in the current circumstances, but it can predict the export growth in the firm's export rate with 95% certainty.Conclusion: The most important thing is that according to the data collected in our study, most of these ten Iranian pharmaceutical companies are not ready to attend in exporting and international markets and only two companies were ready to export. It seems that making improvement in some variables like obtaining international standards, marketing and exporting education, having a transparent and documented plan and having the responsible person for export could increase export readiness of pharmaceutical companies.

Export promotion and support for the internationalization of enterprises are always on the public agenda. Export promotion programs are among the policies implemented to remove barriers to the presence of companies especially small and medium-sized companies in international markets. Although the export of technology-based products currently accounts for a small share of the country›, s exports, but due to the development of the ecosystem of technology-based firms in recent years and the relative success of these companies in meeting the country›, s needs, these companies have the potential to enter global markets,which is very important for their survival. This article provides a comprehensive overview of studies in the field of export promotion programs and the features and main components of these programs. By presenting a thematic classification of the studies, this study will examine the dimensions of the level of development of societies, functions and management and financial structure of these agencies, efficiency, and effectiveness of programs, and specific requirements of high technology products. Four main decision-making areas in the field of support programs have been identified: the level of awareness of export development programs, support based on the size or export experience of the company, the level of private sector participation in the board of export promotion agencies, and finally the presence of active diplomatic representatives. Finally, to improve the current knowledge of managers, the implications of the studies conducted for export policymakers of technology-based firms will be presented.

The aim of this study is to define and introduce the variable of export entrepreneurship and factors affecting it in a global export-centric model. However, we seek to find the effect of the variables of export entrepreneurship and export market orientation on export performance. To test the research hypotheses, a sample of 296 people employed in food and agricultural products company located in Tehran Province has been used, whose information has been obtained. Data has been collected using standard questionnaire and the obtained information has been analyzed by SPSS and Smart PLS software. The research findings demonstrate that resources and the intensity of competition have a positive effect on export entrepreneurship, but the impact of market distance on export entrepreneurship has not been confirmed. The results indicate the positive impact of export market orientation and export entrepreneurship on the export performance of sample companies. However, the moderating impact of the degree of globalization on the relationship between export market orientation and export performance has been confirmed.

Global economy is moving from traditional business to digitalization, and electronic commerce is explicit sign of this movement. Electronic commerce is a general concept that is defined as a process of conducting business through information technology. Determining maturity of organizations in applying of information technology at their business is very important, because, they can determine their eCommerce maturity and eCommerce training needs. This paper is the result of an exploring research that includes three parts; first explores research literature of eCommerce maturity, second presents eCommerce maturity model for Iran and third, explores some conclusions and recommendations for enhancing Iran's industrial companies in applying of eCommerce.

Objective evidence in the field of corporate foresight research suggests that companies and organizations are still suffering from a lack of a framework for facing future economic conditions and ensuring that all relevant external changes are relevant and appropriate responses are presented. This research aims to develop the capabilities of corporate foresight and the successful use of foresight activities in companies to enter the global markets to examine the capacities of the two areas of knowledge of corporate foresight and international marketing. The research method has two main parts. First, through the qualitative research method, theoretical foundations are analyzed and analyzed. In the second part, the modeling is based on the modeling of the interpretative structure, explained and analyzed. The statistical population of this research is futurists experts and managers of active export management companies. Sampling method is a targeted sampling method. The findings suggest that the proposed framework, utilizing the capacities of the two fields of corporate foresight and international marketing planning, can be combined with the integration of prospecting and strategic planning approaches and the issue of entry into international markets Analyzes future scenarios in this area and facilitates the formation of a strategy to ultimately improve the ability of companies to deal with discontinuous changes and reduce the uncertainty of companies, especially export management companies.

The knowledge-based economy has changed its paradigm from industrial competition to knowledge transfer for wealth creation. Therefore, the development of the innovation capacity of organizations and the absorption of new knowledge is the key to the development of a knowledge-based economy. The present paper aims to investigate the impact of knowledge management on export performance and entrepreneurial skills, which is objective, practical, and descriptive in terms of method. It is a survey. The statistical population is all export companies in Tos Industrial Town of Mashhad. There are a total of 385 companies, 385 managers. Due to the sanctions regarding the export sector, if you want to mention a specific industry, you will face a limited community, therefore,In this research, all export companies of Mashhad Tos Industrial Town were considered. According to Morgan's table, the sample size is 181 people, and the questionnaires were distributed among them in a simple random manner. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The data were analyzed by structural equations and with the help of PLS software. The results indicated that knowledge management has a significant effect on export performance and entrepreneurial skills.